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Size matters with Massive MIMO

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Yes, you heard me, size matters! Why, because size and weight are what the tower companies will be looking at for the new massive MIMO antennas. Let’s call them active antennas to make things easy because massive MIMO will be a given for this article.

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Why would size matter?

Let’s look at it this way, bigger antennas cost more money all the way around. Size has a direct correlation to costs. Let me break down what costs more with a bigger antenna.

  • Larger antennas cost more to build. CapEx
  • More radio heads cost more, CapEx.
  • Larger antennas may need to have the tower structurally modified to hold the extra weight. CapEx on installation.
  • Larger antennas may raise the monthly rate on a tower. OpEx on rent.

The point here is that there have to be a balance. The carriers know that payback has to balance out with the costs. That’s where we find balance, between the costs, CapEx and OpEx, and the payback, number of subscribers and improved performance. There has to be a set point.

These active antennas may not make sense to put everywhere. Do we really need to put them near a farm where there could be a total of 20 users at any given time? Probably not unless one of those users is a CEO or a president. Power and position has privilege.

We’ll look at what effects the size.

  • Frequency matters. I’ll make this simple, the lower the frequency the larger the antenna. It’s that simple.
  • TDD or FDD matter because with FDD you will have 2 sets of radio heads and TDD only has one. FDD will be bigger because 2 sets are larger than one.
  • Size of massive MIMO, meaning the number of elements. If you have 32T by 32R, 32×32, you have 32 transmit and 32 receive elements. It doubles each time, 64×64 has 64 of each element and radio head, 128×128 has 128, and so on.

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How has this changed from the traditional models?

When we had CDMA, FDD was all the rage. To have the dedicated spectrum for uplink and downlink made all the sense in the world. Then, with LTE, we thought it was nice to have dedicated spectrum each way, but the reality was that it became less of an issue and now with carrier aggregation and dynamic uplink and downlink balancing. Hey, Wi-Fi had it right all along. LTE is catching up to Wi-Fi’s lessons learned. Just like the MIMO technology, Wi-Fi had it first. LTE is putting that technology on steroids. Then 5G NR will amp it up even more. How cool is this?

I digress, sorry.

TDD or FDD?

If you think it doesn’t make a difference, it does. You see the carriers loved FDD in the CDMA world because they had efficiencies when the uplink and downlink. FDD allowed them to have dedicated uplink spectrum and downlink spectrum. This was a crucial factor for efficiency. Even with LTE is seemed to be a good thing when they had the spectrum broken apart. That is, until today, when the Get the Wireless Deployment Handbook today!efficiency of uplink and downlink balancing was not possible when dedicated spectrum up or down may cause more problems than is solves. So now, Sprint’s 3.5GHz spectrum and the CBRS 3.5GHz spectrum looks quite sexy. It allows the carrier to control uplink and downlink dynamically free of any dedicated up/down spectrum barriers. Awesome!

For instance, LTE is more like Wi-Fi now. It can be more efficient when you can have the spectrum controlled by the carrier, not dedicated. I wondered if the carriers would think about trying to change their new spectrum. It seems like now, FDD having dedicate spectrum would create limitations. Wouldn’t it be nice to control what goes up and what comes down in LTE and especially in 5G. TDD allows that because it is transmitting, Tx, and receiving, Rx, on the same elements and in the same spectrum. How cool is that? Just like Wi-Fi, only it’s LTE, soon to be a 5G format. I would think 5G will be LTE on steroids.

Why does this matter in massive MIMO? Again, the FDD system will need dedicated antenna elements paired with radio heads for transmit and dedicated elements and radio heads for receive. Therefore, a 32×32 active antenna would have 32 transmit and 32 receive elements paired with a radio head port in the antenna which would effective look like, in my mind, 64 heads in one antenna.

A TDD system could have the receive and transmit together on one element. Therefore a 64×64 active antenna would have just 64 elements paired with radio heads.

At least this is what it’s looking like right now. So, half the number of 5g-deployment-plan-front-cover-3k-pixelselements for twice the performance, in theory.

The antenna that has half the elements should be half the size, smaller antennas with less weight make for a happier installation, lower costs, and more effective rollout.

Beck to cost, elements and tiny radio heads all cost money. The payback and gain by adding more active elements has to have balance somewhere. If 64×64 costs 5 times as much as 32×32 it may not be worth putting it in. If 128×128 costs 10 times as much, then when is the payback? There has to be a balance between antenna cost and system gain.

What about frequency?

How does this effect the antenna? Well, the antenna size is determined by the band. The lower the frequency the larger the antenna, or at least the elements. That’s a normal antenna. Now that we have massive MIMO, it makes more of a difference because the radio heads are behind each element in the antenna. This can be a factor in antenna size.

The lower bands, say 1.3Ghz and lower, are going to have larger antennas that require more size just due to the lower spectrum. That is if they want 3dB of gain or more. There are many factors with antenna design which I am not going to get into, but the lower the spectrum, the larger the antenna. Remember that the carriers want plenty of gain and need to have the efficiency to put the least number of antennas on a tower, say 3, as possible. If it is a mini macro on a pole or a small cell, then you may rely more on one or two antennas to cover what you need. Lower spectrum makes that more of a challenge.

While you think it may not matter, you’re not seeing the bigger picture. Larger antennas cost money and many carriers have spectrum in many bands. In fact, why do you think that T-Mobile wants the CBRS 3.5GHz spectrum to badly? They see the value in the short-range coverage. It’s high spectrum, smaller radios and antennas, and covers the smaller areas efficiently. The deal with Sprint fell through, now they need a contingency plan and the CBRS looks inviting.

How much is too much?

Here we have the real conundrum of massive MIMO. How much is too much? Do we know the payback of massive MIMO? It looks like we need it for true 5G to roll out with all the promise we expect of 5G. I mean it’s more than just the new format of 5GNR, it’s all the features that give us Ultra Reliable Low Latency, URLL, and extreme broadband.

There has to be a balance of where we put it, how we deploy, and so on. It makes sense to put it in urban area where the payback is immediate. Lots of users can justify the cost. If we are covering cows on an IOT system, then it doesn’t make sense, does it?

If the cost of a 64×64 is 1/3 the price of a 128×128, then it may make sense to go with the 64×64 for the payback. The number of radio heads will change the price of the unit along with the size and weight. We have to be financially responsible, don’t we?

Larger antennas cost more.

Then, there is the mounting issues. They will leave it up to the construction crews to install the equipment, but they won’t like putting monstrous active antenna on the towers if the tower companies raise the rent 10 times. They also have to consider the tower modification implications. There has to be a balance.SOW Training Cover

Now, for someone with a TDD system if they find the right model. If the model makes sense, then they could lighten the load on the tower. This may or may not make the tower companies happy, they want more rent but they don’t want to modify the towers if they don’t have to. Actually, they pass that cost onto the carrier, so maybe they don’t care.

For the FDD systems, they will have to install larger active antennas because the Tx and the Rx will be split. You need 2 active element arrays. This add size, cost, and complexity to the system. However, it will enhance performance of the system. You no longer need radio heads and coax jumpers since it is an active antenna.

But wait, that’s not the big picture!

The reality is, for mobility, we have to look at what we’re replacing. If the carriers are going to upgrade to massive MIMO in their existing spectrum and replace their existing equipment, then they have an advantage.

For instance, they will install one unit. The active antenna will have fiber running right to it, direct. So there is not longer all the crap on the backend, like the radio head, the coax jumpers, and a separate antenna. All of that equipment adds problems. Let me break it down, the radio heads used to have 1 to 3 fiber pairs running to them, that will change, now there will be many more. There is more data, more overhead, and more bandwidth needed. That is why all the fiber will be connectorized.

I know I threw a lot at you, but let’s look at everything and what it means.

  • No more radio head, less room needed on the tower, the weight of the radio head is probably more than the radio heads in the active antenna. Less weight and one less point of failure.
  • No more coax means less weight, no PIM testing, one less point of failure, no reflected power, easier troubleshooting, less time of installation. For those of you that don’t know, coax jumpers take a lot of time to make, weatherproof, tighten properly, and secure properly.
  • Fiber connectors save a lot of time, in the old days tower crews had to put connectors on the fiber after they cleaned it and then test it thoroughly, all this takes a lot of time to install.

With everything in one unit, installation is quicker. Mounting should be easier. One unit to install, not many for each sector. However, now we have a huge point of failure, if the active antenna goes, we’re down hard for that sector.

One more thing, in theory, we should have electric downtilt with the massive MIMO antenna that will be controlled automatically by the system. So Azimuth is important but now we may not have to worry about the 3 degrees of downtilt like we used to.

Less time to install, easier to install, less equipment hanging on the tower. It’s a win-win all the way around. All this with increased performance. WOW!

Pros and Cons:

Pro:

  • Fiber to the antenna decreases installation complexity,
  • Active antennas are integrated,
  • Massive MIMO improves system performance for;
    • Coverage through beamforming,
    • Multi user, MU-MIMO, allows the beams to talk to multiple users simultaneously,
    • Increased throughput to each user,
    • Increased densification for power and throughput to multiple users,
  • No more coax jumpers, PIM testing, weather proofing, and so on,
  • Less weight overall due to less equipment on the tower,

Cons:

  • Increase system complexity,
  • Increased cost for antenna,
  • Could be a single point of failure, not sure about how the connection to the active antenna will work,
  • More fiber jumpers up the tower,
  • Probably increase power draw for the active antenna,

Things to think about?

  • Cost of the array, does 32×32 serve your needs or can you go 64×64 or 128×128? Which delivers the best cost for the best price?
  • If FDD, what size can you put ion the tower? Will it match the antenna size you have now?
  • Are you ready to run more fiber up the tower or across the rooftop?
  • Will the payback make sense?

How does the massive MIMO system payback the carrier?

  • Increase throughput
  • Much better densification, concentrating the power to each UE,
  • Better throughput to each UE through beamforming and multiple users talking t the same time, remember that there are multiple radio heads behind each element,
  • Less physical complexity on the tower,
  • New options to carriers for deployment,
  • In urban areas it could reduce the need for small cells in the macro’s coverage umbrella,
  • CRAN Massive MIMO greatly improves localized densification,
  • Spectral efficiency is greatly improved by the beamforming,

To learn more:

Let me know if this has helped you! Subscribe to this blog, at the top of the page or get me on Twitter @wade4wireless or wade4wireless@gmail.com or go to www.wade4wireless.com or www.techfecta.com to reach me. I do have a podcast, search Wade4Wireless wherever you get your podcasts and subscribe. Reach out on LinkedIn, https://www.linkedin.com/in/wadesarver/ or Facebook, https://www.facebook.com/Wade4Wireless/ to stay in touch. I am very reachable!

I am building reports around these blogs for massive MIMO and 5G, soon to be released. They will be available in PDF and print, let me know if you’re interested in LinkedIn and send me a message so I can tell you where to get them. They should be released by April 1st.

For more information go to:

Finally, one more thing:

I am winding down Wade4wireless because I am building up TechFecta. I have plans and I can’t do all of this at the same time. I want to build up a full-time business around this information and more. I will focus on tech, health, and philosophy. Those are the things that really fulfill me.

As you know, it’s exhausting to work full-time and do this on the side. While I really enjoy this, I have more that I want to do.

I would like to thank all of you for the support. I really appreciate it.

I will continue this for another few months, but I don’t know if I can maintain every week, it’s really a lot of work. Let me know what you think!

Be smart, be safe, and pay attention!

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The 5G Ecosystem

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FYI – this is a partial report of the new collection of reports I am compiling for my new book, “The Road to 5G Deployment”.

The 5G ecosystem seems endless, but we must look at all aspects. The NR is something that will have the true 5G format. It’s going to be the driver for most of the 5G radios.

One thing you see all the time is the 5G NR, New Radio. The reason is that the NR is supposed to have the 5G format. What the hell is that? With LTE they could explain exactly what the over the air format looked like. The thing is, as LTE evolution happened there were more and more features that were included. Sure, you all hear of 256 QAM and how that changed everything, but there’s more at play than just a kick-ass modulation. It’s an ecosystem that will be created with the 5G system. We all Get the Wireless Deployment Handbook today!want to see 5G as something that is over the air, but the reality is more equipment will be needed to make 5G a reality.

If you want to know more about over the air signaling, go to:

The features were carrier aggregation. This was the part where they could get multiple carriers to all be sent to a device then put together to look like one big pipe. They could do this on the wired side for years, you may know it as multiplexing. Now, they can do it with wireless. But wait, there’s more! Now they can take the carriers from the different spectrum and put it all together as long as the UE device can hear them all at the same time. WOW! But wait, this was all good if it was all LTE, same format, but they also added in Wi-Fi, which works! Find out more at

https://wade4wireless.com/2015/09/08/lwa-laa-lte-u-and-wi-fi/ and https://wade4wireless.com/2017/12/04/what-is-carrier-aggregation/ if you want to know more. They were able to get all the spectrum to work together, like the licensed, lightly licensed, and unlicensed spectrum to work as one larger cohesive unit. More spectrum means more throughput. More throughput means happy end users and spectrum efficiency, sort of.

Spectral efficiency is essential, and this is being looked at with new forms of beamforming. Beamforming was around for a while, but it was out there to help coverage issues and to overcome RF reflections that caused problems. However, today we have 3D beamforming that is way more than that. It is creating the antenna to be more efficient in spectrum use and loading. How can this be made better?

Massive MIMO, where they put more than 32 elements in one antenna, then you could have each element capable of beamforming so that it can communicate with a limited number of user devices with minimal interference. WOW!  Now, with these elements, you need to have a radio that could talk to each element individually as well as control the beams of each element. Hence, this is all part of massive MIMO today.

What is NR?

Good question. NR stands for New Radio, creative, right? New Radio, like when isn’t there a new radio with a new generation, but that’s the name these marketing geniuses went with. We all want something new, right?

So, the NR will have no compatibility constraints, according to the articles. We see that the standard seems to build on OFDM, the LTE standard. It will encompass more bands. It will allow LTE and Wi-Fi to work together.

Luckily 3GPP is going to sort all of this out for us. They are setting 5g-deployment-plan-front-cover-3k-pixelsthe standard, in fact, they already have a standard. I don’t’ believe it’s complete but the first specifications have been approved. They came out with something in December of 2017 that has the industry buzzing. It’s funny because if you listen to the carriers here in the USA, you would think it’s rolling out as we speak. If you want to see what the companies are saying, go to http://www.3gpp.org/news-events/3gpp-news/1931-industry_pr_5g and you can see a list of quotes from carriers, manufacturers, and anyone who intends to build something 5G.

It’s exciting, but keep in mind that they need to build off what we have, which means for the first time, the 4G system can gradually morph into a 5G system without complete network overhauls. However, to meet the specifications set by the ITU there are still major RAN overhauls needed.

Like what? Massive MIMO, 3D beamforming, low latency, radio upgrades, and more. This means the antennas and radios must be upgraded to handle the bandwidth. The systems that need low will need to change the way they route, maybe using MEC by putting a server at the site or at the BBU location. We will also see CRAN take off to meet some of these specifications.

In other words, it could get painful when the mobile system is upgraded. New RAN, upgrade core, and new hardware at sites. It all adds up. Will it be worth the effort? In other words, is the juice worth the squeeze? I hope so.

Why do I ask? Because now the world has unlimited usage contracts. I should be able to use 10-Gbps a month on my smartphone uploading cat videos and it shouldn’t cost me any more than your grandmother who uses her smartphone to make phone calls only. We all know that’s not true, the carriers will make me pay the most they can get, but in theory, it should work that way.

The point is, the carriers will upgrade their systems and the payback appears to be limited if they look at airtime only. Hence, new services will be rolling out like video. New partnerships that the carriers will use to build subscribers, steal from the other carriers and make a profit all at the same time.

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We must not limit our thinking to data and airtime only like I often do. The carriers are building new business cases and looking to disrupt other business models, like the ISP service that cable companies offer. We all want unlimited music and video where we can watch or listen to what we want when we want. The carriers can profit from that. It’s a new world for a new radio! That requires new technology to support the new services that new marketing will support.

How does this help the business of 5G?

There are 2 things I look at. While most people are looking at what it can do for the end-user, we also must look at how it helps the carriers.

The end-user:

This is where the carriers get bragging rights. The more throughput to the end-user, the more video they can run seamlessly. The more apps they can download. They have better coverage and begin to rely on their device for everything. It is more than a toy or a phone or an email device. It’s a part of their like with their books, podcasts, TV, news, information, daily living calendar all in the palm of their hand.

The end-user gets enough throughput to work from their device, whether it’s a laptop or a tablet or their smartphone. That’s a win for the customer if the QOE, quality of experience, is there. The customer wins because the cost is fair, and the experience is fantastic. Sure, they pay for it, but maybe they can cancel their other broadband connection and do everything with one company instead of 2.

This seems reasonable now, but remember how hard it was to cancel that landline? People were used to having a mobile with a landline. Now even where I work doesn’t have dedicated landlines for everyone, just standard phone lines for all to share because they know that everyone will use his or her mobile to do business. That’s the way the world is.

Another thing people are hoping to see is virtual reality and augmented reality. They want to see real action real time. Those features, while great for video games are soon becoming a mainstream medium for medical uses, live sports, and live entertainment. While medical may seem like a necessity, if people are willing to pay for any of those things, they are all drivers of 5G, around the world.

Key takeaway! à Soon people will disconnect their cable connection because they can do it all through the device in their hand or 2 devices all from the same supplier.

For the Carrier:

Looking at the carrier, they should be relying on 5G for more than customer retention. They will see new markets coming their way.

Broadband to the home in direct competition with the cable companies. It will be from a mobile device or a wireless modem. Who needs a cable connection when you have a wireless device that works just as well, if not better.

They will be able to sell and promote more apps than ever that can do more things. They will be able to promote laptops with their chips in it because Wi-Fi may not work everywhere but 5G will, in theory. (Hey, why not have both again as we did years ago?)

Now, the critical thing. Equipment at the sites will get smaller and smaller. They are hoping to save money as the RRH and antenna not only become one unit, but a much smaller form factor than the radio heads, the coax, and the antenna spread across an area. All of that into one form that is smaller and lighter than what they had before.

The MEC was hoping to put servers at every cell site, but the carrier may like the CRAN option better. Why not have a central location that would house the servers and possibly the BBUs and run fiber to the radio sites. Keep the equipment minimal at the sites, after all, that’s where most of the OpEx is spent.

The active antennas, (radio head + Antenna in one unit), will also be able to pump through more spectrum in different bands than ever before. This has been a significant challenge for the OEMs, but they seem to be doing it. They are making it more and more efficient to deploy multiple spectrum in on unit.

There are multiple formats that can work together here too. However, they are not all on one radio, that I know of, yet. Not sure when or how this will happen, but I know it’s not here now.

These moves will save the carriers money over the long run, just like LTE started helping that out. They are looking to cut costs since the unlimited contracts started happening. It’s hard to up sell unlimited. Now you need to sell the value add over the updated phones. Value-add would be the video services, like Amazon Prime or Netflix. Applications and other things that have traditionally been passed through. T-Mobile already figured this out; they already started moving in that direction. Now the pipe is a given, it’s time to expand the business line like Verizon and AT&T have already by purchasing news and media companies.

It’s not all savings!

As the demand for broadband grows, so does the demand for backhaul. While the connection rates are coming down, it will take more than ever. Anyone who owns some dark fiber should make some money over the next 5 years because the demand is growing. It’s really taking off, and the 5G system will help make that happen.

The fiber providers will make money along the way. They have an excellent opportunity to sell all the dark fiber they can and then run some more. Unfortunately, running more fiber will be easier said than done. It takes planning, high cost, permitting, zoning, and so on.

Sprint gets the last laugh.

I think that Sprint with the TDD spectrum they have in the 2.5GHz range will get the last laugh because they have the spectrum to explode in 5G. TDD is an excellent way to do digital only communications. I would love to see Sprint overcome all their poor decision-making of the past to shine finally.

I read a fascinating article at https://www.forbes.com/sites/moorinsights/2018/01/10/3-predictions-for-telecommunications-and-enterprise-networking-in-2018/#2e5c5668776d where Will Townsend talks about how Sprint will win the 5G race. I hope this happens, but history has shown me that Sprint’s biggest problem has been Sprint. Can they get out of their own way? Let’s hope so for the industry’s sake. If they can make it work, then it will push the other US carriers to be creative. The potential is there for greatness.

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Fixed Wireless is a Focal Point of 5G

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Fixed Wireless is a part of 5G that many carriers want to roll out quickly. They see it as a new form of revenue and a way to compete with the cable companies. The cable companies see it as a way to extend the coverage that they already have and as a stepping stone to mobility.Tower Safety for all your safety training!

Fixed wireless access, FWA, is already a solid part of the 5G deployment for a few reasons. It is in the higher spectrum, like 24GHz and 28GHz, where the carrier or cable company can set up a fixed access point and shoot it to several buildings or businesses or homes from one location. Now, it only makes sense in urban or a dense suburban area.

It is going to be part of the 5G network slicing that we have all heard about. There is a spectrum, like CBRS, mmwave, and cmwave that will make it or break it. Verizon, AT&T, T-Mobile, and Sprint already are testing this on MIMO antennas. They are counting on new income streams. The question will be, what is the ease of install to the end-user, the consumer, you and me? Do we still need someone to come out and wire up the house? I hope not! Do we need someone like the DISH TV guys to put an antenna on the roof? Hopefully not in the city. Alternatively, maybe, can we just put a unit in the window that could receive the licensed or lightly licensed signal then transmit Wi-Fi in the home? Wouldn’t that be cool? Just like the wireless modems, we used to know. Now they are on steroids giving us speeds of 50Mbps and up. That is the dream right, bad weather or good, power or no power (UPS backup) that businesses and homes have massive broadband that we can set up in under an hour, and take with us if we move.

What is Fixed Wireless?

It is a fixed wireless access point talking to a fixed wireless subscriber point. A simple data connection. It’s that simple. It’s a way to extend the fiber from a fixed point to its destination without the cost of running fiber to each location. In theory, it should be cheaper.

Think of your internet access at your home. Many of you have cable modems or fiber or DSL or satellite. Fiber would be FTTH, which you may call Verizon FIOS or AT&T U-Verse. The wired solutions are expensive for the larger companies to deploy, just ask Google who thought they could do it for less money but learned the hard way that physical attachment to poles takes more than just goodwill to the city. I talked to my friend in Nashville where the poles had rights of refusal by AT&T and the local cable companies that did NOT want Google to play in their neighborhoods. It did not matter what the 5g-deployment-plan-front-cover-3k-pixelscity said; whoever had rights to the poles had the final say!

That is where the wireless option looks attractive for many reasons. 5G technology, like cmwave, mmwave, and CBRS can help make this happen. We still need fiber, that part is crucial, but we do not need to run it to every home. There is an opportunity to build out FWA to the home using 3.5Ghz or 28GHz, all depending on the location and distance to the BTS.

By the way, this has been done before with microwave connecting buildings for telecom services. It’s not new. It is just cheaper and faster and better. We are an all-IP network now which makes the transport invisible to the network. Now we have a spectrum that we can use with better technology. We can shape the broadband rollout to improve the broadband infrastructure in a profound way. The technology has arrived.

Can we get more spectrum? It looks like the US FCC took the first steps, they have opened 28GHz (27.5–28.35GHz), 37GHz (37–38.6GHz), and 39GHz (38.6–40GHz) for this purpose. Also, 7GHz of Get the Wireless Deployment Handbook today!the unlicensed spectrum from 64–71GHz. If you remember, some of these bands were used in the past to deliver point to point, PTP, microwave for building access. Now that the equipment is changing and becoming more cost-effective, it can be used in new applications. MIMO antennas and systems are also helping the cause. Multipoint radios are becoming more and more available. Technology has come a long way!

It looks like LTE will be the foundation of the format. It could be mmwave or spectrum they have for LTE today. The carriers will tell you that this is 5G, but it has more to do with advanced LTE being able to push the limits using carrier aggregation in the current spectrum and making new spectrum multipoint. Carrier aggregation and MIMO makes larger wireless broadband realistic.

With mmwave, we have very large bands. The great news is that it could be deployed quickly. I think it will be lightly licensed because the coverage area is so small. I also think it could be the solution to getting large amounts of spectrum to building in a short time. The current systems are point to point, but they are rolling out multipoint systems. There is an article in Gigabit Wireless that helps to explain more about mmwave and the multipoint technology in that band.

1Gbps links will make it possible to run 100Mbps to multiple homes from one cell, be it a small cell or a Macro. Macros and Wi-Fi can do that now. All the carriers are promising this.

I believe that we will see a fixed wireless solution very soon. I believe that 100Mbps to the house via a wireless link is very realistic. This will be a game changer that will have a dramatic effect on our daily lives.

Have the outdoor wireless connect to something simple and effective indoors. Let the people see the signal level for the outdoor connection, like DISH used to do, and make it broadcast Wi-Fi inside and offer wired Ethernet. If we can get this, life is great. We can connect our own router or use what they give us.

Spectrum for 5G FWA

Let’s look at the 5G spectrum. I’m not sure if any of you saw it, but the 5G Americas group put together a great sheet on the 5G spectrum. I have the link so go ahead and download it.

http://www.5gamericas.org/files/9114/9324/1786/5GA_5G_Spectrum_Recommendations_2017_FINAL.pdf

Look at the new bands that the FCC is proposing to use:

  • 24 GHz bands: 24.25-24.45 GHz and 25.05-25.25 GHz
  • Local Multipoint Distribution Service (LMDS) band: 27.5-28.35 GHz, 29.1-29.25 GHz, and 31-31.3 GHz
  • 39 GHz band: 38.6-40 GHz • 37/42 GHz bands: 37.0-38.6 GHz and 42.0-42.5 GHz
  • 60 GHz bands: 57-64 GHz and 64-71 GHz (extension)
  • 70/80 GHz bands: 71-76 GHz, 81-86 GHz, 92-95 GHz

I don’t see this spectrum as a mobile solution, but more of a fixed solution. That could change. This is going to be a thorn in the side of the cable and ISP business model. Why? It’s a new competitor that will have the reach. They have a large customer base. They know how to steal those customers. Remember, fewer millennials are watching traditional TV, they watch on demand as most of you do. Don’t deny it, do you really sit down and watch a show at the designated time or do you watch it on Amazon or Netflix or Zulu or with your DVR?

Of course, CBRS will also be a game changer. It will allow us to do more in the rural areas. I love this spectrum because it will be open to more than just the big bad carriers who rule the spectrum. Disruptors have a chance to create something great. This may be the most valuable of all because it may not require LOS, line of sight, as shown here, http://www.telecompetitor.com/fixed-lte-in-cbrs-band-not-expected-to-require-line-of-sight-for-fixed-wireless/ for the connections to be made. This opens new doors for connectivity. It’s real and exciting! Hey don’t take my word for it, ask Google, http://www.rcrwireless.com/20161117/carriers/google-sees-cbrs-spectrum-band-key-5g-new-model-industry-tag2, and they will vouch for this.

To be fair, the 5G Americas Spectrum document that I referenced above also has a quick blurb in it about CBRS, and I quote “Other bands of interest, From the point of view of global harmonization in the 3 to 5 GHz range as the main mid-range spectrum target for 5G, interests have been expressed in use of this range for 5G in the United States. This could potentially include current CBRS band Tower Safety for all your safety training!(3.55-3.7 GHz) and beyond (e.g., up to 4.2 GHz).” The CBRS will play a large part because the carrier doesn’t want to deploy small cells everywhere, in fact, they are going to let that up to the business owners and landlords to do. They won’t admit this but I think they are looking for a neutral host solution and CBRS is a great solution! Licensed and protected and it could potentially have multiple carriers on one small cell. A multi-carrier small cell solution. If you think this is crazy, have you ever heard of Wi-Fi? Does it discriminate based on a carrier in your home? NOPE! It just connects, so this will be a stepped-up version of that where it will connect, but it may discriminate based on your carrier. Just apply the proper ID, or ESSID to connect.

Be smart, be safe, and pay attention!

See Ya!

How do you plan goals? Now you can plan 5 Weeks at a time! The 5-week Planning Journal, (click here), available now in paperback from Amazon!

 

 

 

 

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Do you know what to put in your SOW, the details needed to get paid for milestones or job completion? 

 

Putting together your smart city tech solutions, planning, development, and more….TechFecta! Guiding you to a better plan through consulting!

The foundations below do beautiful work, helping families in their time of need. Climbers often get seriously injured or die on the job. The foundations below support those families in their time of greatest need! 

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Hubble Foundation helps the families of climbers in a time of need and beyond with financial support and counseling!

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Tower Family Foundation supports the families of tower climbers at the time of crisis when a climber falls with financial assistance and more.

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Learning 5G in the Real World

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Are you trying to find out more about 5G in the real world? It’s so new, and yet there aren’t many books out there about 5G systems, just theory. After all, it will follow many principles of current networks. We’re all trying to get a better grasp on 5G systems. So why not get a little help. Some of the most popular blogs on my site are about 5G. So, I put together this helpful book for you! Learning 5G in the Real World is now available.

As you know, 5G demo systems are rolling out and being tested. It appears that 5G is already a reality and that the systems will start rolling out before the 2020 time frame we all expected. Why not learn what you can now? You deserve to know what’s going on in the industry and how that change will affect what you do. The deployment of 5G systems will involve more densification.

You can be a part of the 5G evolution.

It’s time you get introduced to 5G and the smart technology that you have heard about. You need to get answers. You need to start somewhere, so start here.

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There is much to learn, so here is your outline of what is in this book. This is just a taste.

  • What is 5G?
  • Will 5G replace LTE?
  • What Applications will 5G have?
  • Why the need for 5G Low Latency?
  • Why Narrow Bandwidth systems in 5G?
  • 5G Network Slicing
  • 4G and 5G Spectrum and Technologies
  • TDD and FDD Formats
  • Fiber connections
  • Microwave Connections
  • What is LTE UE backhaul?
  • LTE MIMO Deployment Notes
  • The 4G and 5G HetNet
  • What will 5G networks look like?
  • What is the 5G System Plan?
  • How does MIMO work?
  • Deploying 5G Small Cells
  • What are SDN and NFV?
  • What about Wi-Fi?
  • Fixed Wireless is a Focal Point of 5G
  • Spectrum for 5G FWA
  • Private LTE Networks
  • What is the CBRS?

You want to learn more about 5G, and how it will be deployed, what it is, and how they will reach high speeds, low latency, and how the low-speed networks will all play together through network slicing, this is a good place to start.

If you want to learn more, then take action today. Here are your options to get this today. It is easy to get and very reasonably priced. The rest is up to you!

Get your copies today at:

You’re eager to learn more! You want to get a head start and see how you can fit into this new technology evolution! Here is a good start. We can all get a little bit better through learning something new.

Be smart and pay attention!

See Ya!

Other books by Wade:

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Get the Wireless Deployment Handbook today!

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Art King Teaches CBRS

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On today’s show, I have Art King of SpiderCloud, the King of Enterprise small cells is back on the show, he was on in 2016, link found here.

Do you wonder about enterprise small cells and their applications? Have you wondered what CBRS is? How does CBRS work? Who watches the licenses? How is the spectrum managed?

My big question, will the CBRS small cell be a neutral host small cell for multiple carriers? I also want to know about the use cases for this spectrum, one thing that would work outside of the carrier’s domination of spectrum.

Tower Safety and Instruction has online training and eBooksTower Safety for all your safety training! at http://teltech-college.com/ where you can get drone, tower, safety, 5G, and deployment material on your laptop! TSI, making the best better.

Learn all this am more sports fans! Art goes over the CBRS spectrum and how will the spectrum allocation and licensing happen. It would be better if you listen to the Podcast instead of just looking at these high-level notes. I just could not keep up with all his knowledge!

We met at the NeDAS show in 2016, and I have tried to stay in touch ever since. He is always busy trying to improve the SpiderCloud footprint, and he has been doing a great job. They had a partnership with Cisco for years that helped them get noticed. SpiderCloud has proven that the enterprise model works for licensed spectrum.

I wanted to speak to Art this time because I need to understand the CBRS and how it works. I also want to see what business models he would have for indoor. I then found out that SpiderCloud is going to venture into the great outdoors! WOW! To me, this is a breakthrough, and they intend to do it with the CBRS product they are going to roll out. There is a blog about it here, https://blogs.cisco.com/sp/wait-for-it-wait-for-it-5g-its-here if you want to learn more.

Testing CDMA and LTE smartphones or UE devices? Get a great deal on a used and affordable ME7834L test setup here!

The thing that has me excited is that they created http://spidercloud.com/cbrs to help people like me build up my knowledge about CBRS. I need all the help I can get!

What about those questions? Here is my attempt to answer, but best to hear Art answer them in the interview. You do not want to miss it!

___________________________________________________________________________

The Wireless Deployment Handbook  Paperback

Get the Wireless Deployment Handbook today!The Wireless Deployment Handbook eBook that covers professional carrier end to end deployment of LTE small cells, CRAN, and DAS showing you the proper way to plan for deployment then execute.

__________________________________________________________________

Who is Art King? Art is the Director of Marketing for SpiderCloud Wireless Inc. He has extensive experience in the enterprise from his years as the Global Infrastructure Architecture Lead at Nike, impressive, right? Well, he also is a Board Member of the Small Cell Forum, an outstanding site where you can learn more and more about small cells. Learn more about Art at LinkedIn. If you met Art, you would really like Art, a combination of technical genius and charm which is a winning combination in my book. I call Art the King of Enterprise Small Cells because he and SpiderCloud championed the business case and the growth of the enterprise small cell better than anyone. They worked hard to build the business case, and they saw a glimpse of what the enterprise can do with licensed spectrum. Many other companies have followed this disruptor, but they all came in later. Art was key to making this happen.

The 5G Deployment Plan Book, be ready to deploy!5g-deployment-plan-front-cover-3k-pixels

SpiderCloud, http://www.spidercloud.com/, is a wireless small cell company that specialized in enterprise small cells and have worked with major carriers in the US to deploy indoor small cells. They are a member of the CBRS Alliance, one of the founding members in fact. The membership has grown in the last year.

Special note, Corning just acquired SpiderCloud, the story is here. While SpiderCloud partnered with Cisco for a long time, they never took the next step to purchase SpiderCloud, but Corning sees real value here. They know that they can step up the game and use this as another tool in their arsenal. It is another weapon in their portfolio and one that makes CommScope very nervous.

How do you plan goals? Now you can plan 5 Weeks at a time! The 5-week Planning Journal, (click here), available now in paperback from Amazon!

 

 

 

 

Be smart, be safe, and pay attention!

See Ya!

SOW Training Cover

Do you know what to put in your SOW, the details needed to get paid for milestones or job completion? 

The foundations below do beautiful work, helping families in their time of need. Climbers often get seriously injured or die on the job. The foundations below support those families in their time of greatest need! 

official logo

Hubble Foundation helps the families of climbers in a time of need and beyond with financial support and counseling!

tower-family-foundation-e1447069656192

Tower Family Foundation supports the families of tower climbers at the time of crisis when a climber falls with financial assistance and more.

Putting together your smart city tech solutions, planning, development, and more….TechFecta! Guiding you to a better plan through consulting!

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5G Fixed Wireless Spectrum and Why it Matters

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I am excited that we talk of 5G and fixed wireless. Fixed Wireless is where we put a radio up and shoot it to a building or a kiosk or a small cell or even a macro cell. If you’re in the wireless deployment business, then you would call this point to point, PTP, or Point to Multi-Point, PTMP or PMP. We used to call these microwave hops, but in this case, it is broadband to a specific facility. While this has been done for a while, not it’s going to be a viable competitor to ISPs and Cable companies. Wireless is taking over, and we have a shot to change the world here. Not just the carriers, but the small businesses who want to become ISPs really have a shot to provide real bandwidth to business and home customers. WOW! Can you feel it, a new era is rising in wireless broadband!

Don’t worry, I tie this into smart cities at the end.

If you test CDMA and LTE UE equipment, check out the deal on the Anritsu ME7834L here!

First, let’s look at the 5G spectrum. I’m not sure if any of you saw it, but the 5G Americas group put together a great sheet on the 5G spectrum. I have the link so go ahead and download it.

http://www.5gamericas.org/files/9114/9324/1786/5GA_5G_Spectrum_Recommendations_2017_FINAL.pdf

Look at the new bands that the FCC is proposing to use:

  • 24 GHz bands: 24.25-24.45 GHz and 25.05-25.25 GHz
  • Local Multipoint Distribution Service (LMDS) band: 27.5-28.35 GHz, 29.1-29.25 GHz, and 31-31.3 GHz
  • 39 GHz band: 38.6-40 GHz • 37/42 GHz bands: 37.0-38.6 GHz and 42.0-42.5 GHz
  • 60 GHz bands: 57-64 GHz and 64-71 GHz (extension)
  • 70/80 GHz bands: 71-76 GHz, 81-86 GHz, 92-95 GHz

Tower Safety and Instruction has online training and eBooksTower Safety for all your safety training! at http://teltech-college.com/ where you can get drone, tower, safety, 5G, and deployment material on your laptop! TSI, making the best better.

If you think this is just ridiculous because you remember that this is merely a point to point short-haul solution, at least if you’re in the business and been around, you might be surprised that both Verizon and AT&T are bidding on Straight Path for their 38GHz licenses, http://www.phonearena.com/news/AT-T-outbid-for-Straight-Path-by-mystery-firm-rumored-to-be-Verizon_id93451 to gain that particular spectrum. Oh yeah, it is real, and it is valuable, and it will be a pain I the ass to engineer. Don’t forget about the Verizon XO deal, http://www.telecompetitor.com/in-pursuit-of-5g-spectrum-verizon-xo-purchase-closes/ where Verizon wants to lease the 28 to 31 GHz and 39 GHz spectrum.

5g-deployment-plan-front-cover-3k-pixels

Here it is “The 5G Deployment Plan” available in PDF, Kindle, and Paperback!

Even T-Mobile is getting in on the act, over a year ago they tested 5G on 38GHz, http://www.fiercewireless.com/tech/t-mobile-files-to-conduct-5g-tests-at-28-38-ghz, to see how viable it is.

I don’t see this spectrum as a mobile solution, but more of a fixed solution. This is going to be a thorn in the side of the cable and ISP business model. Why? It’s a new competitor that will have the reach and customer base and savvy to steal those customers. Remember, fewer millennials are watching traditional TV, they watch on demand as most of you do. Don’t deny it, do you really sit down and watch a show at the designated time or do you watch it on Amazon or Netflix or Zulu or with your DVR?

I tell you that I watch it on my DVR, but also on Amazon. I don’t watch much at the time the show airs except live sports. If there is the demand for live TV, sports is it! Even though I can watch sports on a device as well.

So, the push for massive broadband is coming. Those crappy TV packages that they cable companies are pushing will slowly fade away. Seriously, why can’t I get the channels I want and why do they always change the lineup which cancels the one channel I watch? I really hate paying a lot of money for something that I don’t really want, but the cable companies are not changing fast enough in my opinion. However, they do have great internet speeds to the home. I won’t deny that. They have a great model there with the cable modems.

How do you plan goals? Now you can plan 5 Weeks at a time! The 5-week Planning Journal, (click here), available now in paperback from Amazon!

The wireless carriers are going to have to make it cost-effective, so all they need to do is come in lower, about 25%, on price to compete. They can’t come in at the same price because cable is very reliable and I get the feeling wireless will need a year to get there. I think they will need to work out the bugs. Then they will do what they always do, slowly raise the price until you leave.

That is why I am hoping that Legere at T-Mobile makes waves by getting there first. He already said he wants to attack the big cable companies the way that he attacked the big wireless carriers. If anyone can do it, I believe that John Legere can do it. He needs to push into fixed wireless. However, I believe he is too smart to just jump in. I think he will wait for Verizon and AT&T to work out the bugs and then pounce. First isn’t always best when there are problems. So why be first when the technology isn’t quite there? When it is, hammer the deals out to the customer, like he did with mobility. Great job there becoming #3 and pushing into #2.

Of course, CBRS will also be a game changer for those businesses that don’t need 100Mbps.It will allow us to do more in the rural areas. Remember CBRS, 3.5GHz? I love this spectrum because it will be open to more than just the big bad carriers who rule the spectrum. We have a chance to create something great when I say we, I mean the small businesses who must feed off the scraps which the carrier doesn’t own or manage. This may be the most valuable of all because it may not require LOS, a line of site, as shown here, http://www.telecompetitor.com/fixed-lte-in-cbrs-band-not-expected-to-require-line-of-sight-for-fixed-wireless/ for the connections to be made. This opens new doors for connectivity. I think it’s real and exciting! Hey don’t take my word for it, ask Google, http://www.rcrwireless.com/20161117/carriers/google-sees-cbrs-spectrum-band-key-5g-new-model-industry-tag2, and they will vouch for this.

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To be fair, the 5G Americas Spectrum document that I reference above also has a quick blurb in it about CBRS, and I quote “Other bands of interest, From the point of view of global harmonization in the 3 to 5 GHz range as the main mid-range spectrum target for 5G, interests have been expressed in use of this range for 5G in the United States. This could potentially include current CBRS band (3.55-3.7 GHz) and beyond (e.g. up to 4.2 GHz).” I believe that the CBRS will play a large part because the carrier doesn’t want to deploy small cells everywhere, in fact, they are going to let that up to the business owners or the landlord to do. They won’t admit this but I think they are looking for a neutral host solution and CBRS is a great solution! Licensed and protected and it could potentially have multiple carriers on one band. If you think this is crazy, have you ever heard of Wi-Fi? Does it discriminate based on a carrier in your home? NOPE! It just connects, so this will be a stepped-up version of that where it will connect, but it may discriminate based on your carrier. Amazing!

The Wireless Deployment Handbook  Paperback

Get the Wireless Deployment Handbook today!The Wireless Deployment Handbook eBook that covers professional carrier end to end deployment of LTE small cells, CRAN, and DAS showing you the proper way to plan for deployment then execute.

If you want to read more about it, 4G Americas put together a document back in October of 2014, found here http://www.5gamericas.org/files/2414/1323/5229/4G_Americas_Spectrum_Sharing_-_FINAL_Oct_2014.pdf that helps explain CBRS. Go ahead, download it, it’s free!

Why does Fixed Wireless Matter to a Smart City?

Why? Because cities are going to want alternatives to running fiber on poles and underground. The dig once the policy is going to be enforced more and more throughout the USA. The poles are going to be a point of contention among competitors. The access rights and permitting battles will heat up until we find a resolution. The FCC is working to streamline small cell deployments, and the cities are realizing that they must lay out the requirements for a proper installation. If things go as planned, the fixed wireless base stations should be a lot like small cells with batteries. I believe that power is going to be the issue because if the power goes out people still want Internet access. So, this issue needs to be resolved.

The smart city is going to be aware that they need broadband service for small businesses and for kiosks as well as food trucks. They will rely on smartphones, but the demand will grow. As demand grows we come up with new solutions. If you go to a city, you will see stands that sell newspapers, hot dogs, and T-Shirts almost on every busy street. They rely on landlines and smartphones to do business now. It will become a game changer when they can run the online business out of the same small stand that they run the physical business out of. Things change and become more and more advances. As the business grows, revenue grows, the city gains more in tax revenue. It’s a win-win all around.

I am hoping that fixed wireless can be one of the catalysts to help make this happen.

Resources:

Be smart, be safe, and pay attention!

SOW Training Cover

Do you know what to put in your SOW, the details needed to get paid for milestones or job completion? 

The foundations below do beautiful work, helping families in their time of need. Climbers often get seriously injured or die on the job. The foundations below support those families in their time of greatest need! 

official logo

Hubble Foundation helps the families of climbers in a time of need and beyond with financial support and counseling!

tower-family-foundation-e1447069656192

Tower Family Foundation supports the families of tower climbers at the time of crisis when a climber falls with financial assistance and more.

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Fixed Wireless Access Overview

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What is Fixed Wireless? What is FWA? What is the future of fixed wireless? Will FWA replace FTTH? Will FWA replace FTTx? Will the carriers roll out FWA to compete with the cable companies? Read on to learn the answer to all of these questions!

Chances are it will take off, in fact, the major carriers are counting on it!

Is 5G mostly fixed wireless? Some of it will be, along with IOT, massive broadband, augmented reality, and surprising mobility.

Will fixed wireless replace fiber to the home? The carriers are hoping it does because of the cost effectiveness and the ease of installation.

Will fixed wireless replace cable modems? Again, the carriers are betting on this, and the cable companies know this, they know that can do something and finally enter the wireless arena, for real this time.

Tower Safety and Instruction has a new online school, check it Tower Safety for all your safety training!out at http://teltech-college.com/ when you are ready to step up your learning in telecom!

Fixed wireless access, FWA, is going to be a game-changer in so many ways. It is going to be part of the 5G network slicing that we have all heard about. There is a spectrum, like CBRS, mmwave, and CMwave that will make it or break it. Verizon, AT&T, T-Mobile, and Sprint already are testing this on MIMO antennas. They are counting on a new income stream. The question will be, what is the ease of install to the end-user, the consumer, you and me? Do we still need someone to come out and wire up the house? Do we need someone like the DISH network guys to put an antenna on the roof? Alternatively, maybe, can we just put a unit in the window that could receive the licensed or lightly licensed signal then transmit Wi-Fi in the home? Wouldn’t that be cool? Just like the wireless modems we used to know only on steroids giving us speeds of over 50Mbps and up. That is the dream right, bad weather or good, power or no power (UPS backup) that businesses and homes have massive broadband with under an hour 5g-deployment-plan-front-cover-3k-pixelsof setup.

Here it is “The 5G Deployment Plan” available in PDF, Kindle, and Paperback!

What is fixed wireless? Think of your internet access at your home. Many of you have cable modems; some have fiber to the home, FTTH, which you may call Verizon FIOS or AT&T U-Verse. The wired solutions are expensive for the larger companies to deploy, just ask Google who thought they could do it for less money but learned the hard way that physical attachment to poles takes more than just goodwill to the city. I talked to my friend in Nashville where the poles had rights of refusal by AT&T and the local cable companies that did NOT want Google to play in their neighborhoods. It did not matter what the city said; whoever had rights to the poles had the last word!

That is where the wireless option looks so attractive for so many reasons and 5G technology, like cmwave, mmwave, and CBRS can help make this happen. We still need fiber, that part is crucial, but we do not need to run it to every home. There is an opportunity to build out FWA to the home using 3.5Ghz or 28GHz, all depending o the location and distance to the BTS.

By the way, this has been done before with microwave connecting buildings for telecom services; this is not new. It is just that now we have a way to get it to each business and we are an all-IP network now. This technology is available today and being done by point to point microwave as well as multipoint systems. It is just now we have a spectrum that we can use with newer and better technology. We have the opportunity to shape the broadband rollout to improve the broadband infrastructure in a profound way. The technology has arrived.

How do you plan goals? Now you can plan 5 Weeks at a time! The 5-week Planning Journal, (click here), available now in paperback from Amazon!

Can we get more spectrum? It looks like the US FCC took the first steps, they have opened 28GHz (27.5–28.35GHz), 37GHz (37–38.6GHz), and 39GHz (38.6–40GHz). It is something that we can use, I hope. Also, 7GHz of the unlicensed spectrum from 64–71GHz. If you remember, some of these bands were utilized in the past to deliver point to point, PTP, microwave for building access. Now that the equipment is changing and becoming more cost-effective, it can be used in new applications. MIMO antennas and systems are also helping the cause. Technology has come a long way!

Wade@techfecta.com

I am looking forward to having fixed wireless rollout. If we can get broadband to the homes without cables or fiber running through the house, how cool would that be? If small businesses could have broadband in their stores and homes without waiting for fiber to be deployed, how great would that be? If we could only have a unit that we could put on a window facing one antenna outside and have the Wi-Fi inside, life would be grand! I think this is coming.

The carriers are pushing to get fixed wireless out to the public. They have been trying to work with several technologies. Whatever they work with it looks like LTE will be the foundation of the format. It could be mmwave or spectrum they have for LTE today. The carriers will tell you that this is 5G, but it has more to do with LTE being able to push the limits using carrier aggregation in the current spectrum and making new spectrum multipoint. Carrier aggregation makes that look realistic. I think Sprint is in a great position with all the 2.5GHz spectrum they have to pull this off quickly. If only they would spend the money to do it.

The Wireless Deployment Handbook  Paperback

Get the Wireless Deployment Handbook today!The Wireless Deployment Handbook eBook that covers professional carrier end to end deployment of LTE small cells, CRAN, and DAS showing you the proper way to plan for deployment then execute.

With mmwave, we have large bands. The great news is that it could be deployed quickly. I think it will be lightly licensed because the coverage area is so small. I also believe it could be the solution to getting large amounts of spectrum to building in a short time. The current systems are a point to point, but they are rolling out multipoint systems. There is an article in Gigabit Wireless that helps to explain more about mmwave and the multipoint technology in that band.

I believe that 1Gbps links will make it possible to run 100Mbps to multiple homes from one cell, be it a small cell or a Macro. Although only a Macro can do that now, it has to improve. All the carriers are promising this.

I believe that we will see a fixed wireless solution very soon. I believe that 100Mbps to the house via a wireless link is very realistic. This will be a game changer that will have a dramatic effect on our daily lives. With my cable modem, I feel I get pretty good speed, today I tested it and got 67.3Mbps down and 11.9Mbps up. I am happy with this at home, today, which I show from Google’s internet speed test on Comcast, shown below. Way to go Comcast!

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If I get fixed wireless, will it work this well? I hope so. As you can see, it must give about 100Mbps to each home. The cable company can do this today and more. Verizon and AT&T both offer this over fiber and more. If they do it with LTE, I see TDD working better the FDD so that they can proactively balance the upload and download speeds. That is why Sprint has a prime spectrum with their 2.5GHz band. This band travels well and would work great as a fixed wireless platform.

The question now is, is it cost-effective to use FWA over other technologies? The installation and setup will determine that. That is why I say KISS, Keep It Simple Stupid! The key is to make the installation so easy that anyone can do it, as the end-user. If someone has to pay $1,000 for an installation, it may not be cost-effective. Most companies may do this for 100Mbps of service but at home people bitch over paying the cable company to come out and install their equipment for a few hundred dollars. I know I do. Especially when you are paying hundreds a month for service. Home users want value at an affordable price. However, home businesses rely on reliability, so make it very reliable. Price and reliability which will be determined by competition, which is one thing that the cable companies do not have right now. Seriously, whoever has a connection to your home is the winner, and cable modems are way faster than DSL. Will that change with FWA? Will cable be competing with the wireless carriers? Of course.

If they can make the installation simple, easier than hooking up my phone, I would be happy. I do not see why not. Have the outdoor wireless connect to something straightforward and efficient indoors. Let the people see the signal level for the outdoor connection, like DISH used to do, and make it broadcast Wi-Fi inside. Preferable Wave 2 with the ability to connect an indoor router via wired Ethernet. Then life is great!

Will this be easy for the carrier or service provider to do, not really? However, would it be easy for the cable companies to roll out, definitely yes? They have the infrastructure to make this happen. They could deploy the radios efficiently and quickly. They have the workforce and the structure to handle business and residential. If only they had the spectrum. If only the cable companies would move into the wireless realm. They would be a force to be reckoned with. They already have a huge customer base, and they have the core and the support centers. I think that cable companies are positioned well. Will they roll something out? If they can get in on the CBRS or the mmwave or the

I just heard an interview with John Legere where he explains, (I am paraphrasing) how companies are identified by their infrastructure, wireless or cable, and the end-user could care less. I agree with this. I think that people just want broadband when they need it, whether it is home or on their device or in a coffee shop. I agree with Legere when he explains how mobile is taking over and that people just want to have a great connection. He has been on fire lately because T-Mobile has had a kick ass year and he will not stop. He turned T-Mobile into a player, putting Sprint behind him and making AT&T sweat.

I want to congratulate John Legere and T-Mobile for winning a ton of 600MHz spectrum in the recent auction, great job T-Mobile for getting national coverage after all this time. He says “Little Ole T-Mobile, ” but they are not little anymore, in any way.

For more look at all the John Leger interviews listed below.

I think that he makes an excellent point. I believe that the internet providers will be listed as providers and as companies like Google will be media providers. I think that AT&T is trying to play both sides. There are going to be providers of the service and providers of the content. Who is going to win in the upcoming battle? I am not sure but we need to stop looking at cable companies and carriers for service their specific audiences, and they will start service everyone. Barriers are coming down, and the gloves will come off.

Will cable companies merge with carriers to remain competitive? Probably, look at Comcast working with Verizon and AT&T taking over DirecTV. Competition is rising. Comcast has the money to start their wireless system or take over a player like T-Mobile, but will they spend the money? They have not so far, but the playing field is changing, and Comcast sees the writing on the wall. It is time to make something great happen!

As a final note, and a way for me to bring smart cities into this. I believe that all smart cities want competition in broadband, they want the service everywhere in their cities, so the FWA will make that option a reality of the carriers build the entire city. All areas of the cities need to be served, not just the business districts or the upscale neighborhoods. I get that the carrier wants payback, but we need to blanket cities to give everyone an equal opportunity! This is making broadband the new infrastructure backbone of America and giving us all an opportunity to play. Let’s make something great happen!

Be smart, be safe, and pay attention!

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Do you know what to put in your SOW, the details needed to get paid for milestones or job completion? 

The foundations below do beautiful work, helping families in their time of need. Climbers often get seriously injured or die on the job. The foundations below support those families in their time of greatest need! 

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Hubble Foundation helps the families of climbers in a time of need and beyond with financial support and counseling!

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Tower Family Foundation supports the families of tower climbers at the time of crisis when a climber falls with financial assistance and more.

Wade4Wireless BlogCast

Will IOT be a 5G Service?

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COP Banners for Wade4wirelessOf course. When we look at 5G it is well beyond the devices that we are used to. It’s time to expand your horizons beyond a simple device. That is why IOT is used along with 5G in so many conversations. IOT and 5G are used synonymously even though they are not the same thing. The thing is, 5G is the network description and IOT is the application.

Tower Safety and Instruction has a new online school, check it out at http://teltech-college.com/ when you are ready to step up your learning in telecom!

When we think of 5G, we think of the signal tTower Safety for all your safety training!o a device. Now the signal will go to much more than a smart device. It will go to smartphones and tablets, but it’s also going to go to sensors, video cameras, games, smart gloves, smart anything that can be connected. We already see it with Wi-Fi that set the stage for 5G to connect to anything. The problem is that we need more bandwidth for stuff like that.

Here it is “The 5G Deployment Plan” available now!5g-deployment-plan-front-cover-3k-pixels

Just when we thought more and more bandwidth was the answer, IOT device makers realize that they don’t need the bandwidth, but they also realize that lots of bandwidth needs lots of battery power to support it. So, they thought, how did pagers last so long on that tiny AA battery? How? They did it with less bandwidth, with the power to sleep until the code wakes it, and not using the display all the time. WOW! Paging technology ideas are still the foundation for modern technology! I remember we had QAM 64 before carriers had LTE. Anyway, I digress.

While the broadband is adding amazing opportunities to the modern era, like remote surgery, self-driving cars, long-range drones, gaming, video, and applications. We also have machine to machine communications we call IOT, which we need to track devices that can track and control remote things without having a human constantly looking at a screen. In almost real-time it can adjust.

While wireless gets not only more advanced, it gets more and more efficient with less and less overhead. It’s not all the wireless side, the network is pushing the computing and decision-making to the edge. It all started with the cloud bringing the data closer to where we are. Now the edge is bringing it closer to the wireless edge with less overhead and lower latency. We can have the application’s source get closer to the actual remote device.

The Wireless Deployment Handbook  Paperback and

Get the Wireless Deployment Handbook today!The Wireless Deployment Handbook eBook that covers professional carrier end to end deployment of LTE small cells, CRAN, and DAS showing you the proper way to plan for deployment then execute.

The edge makes all this possible. Efficiencies were built into the wireless formats. Now the network is building in its own efficiencies by reducing the latency that it would normally have in transport. Routers and switch have become more efficient but now we are finding a way to cut out the travel delay that has been there for years. Now we can eliminate the travel delays by having more computing done closer to the device making readings and changes happening real close to real-time.

WOW! Just a quick overview of what is out there and how cool it is.

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Be smart, be safe, and pay attention!

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Do you know what to put in your SOW, the details needed to get paid for milestones or job completion? 

The foundations below do beautiful work, helping families in their time of need. Climbers often get seriously injured or die on the job. The foundations below support those families in their time of greatest need! 

official logo

Hubble Foundation helps the families of climbers in a time of need and beyond with financial support and counseling!

tower-family-foundation-e1447069656192

Tower Family Foundation supports the families of tower climbers at the time of crisis when a climber falls with financial support and more.

Wade4Wireless BlogCast

The Smart City 5G Business Plan

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The Smart City 5G Business Plan

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Here it is “The 5G Deployment Plan” available now!

  • Build your business case around your needs. Think of who will use it. Most cities think that they can put everyone on one system, but that’s not practical.
    1. The thing about a smart city is that there is more to it than wireless. Smart cities are about communication, efficiently and everywhere, but also about the energy savings and the lighting and the efficiency that will save money.Tower Safety for all your safety training!
    2. The residents want a well-connected A city wants to run as cost effectively as possible and safety.
    3. The government wants a city with low costs for power and communications and a safe city.
    4. Tourists want a well-connected, (Wi-Fi and carrier coverage), and safe city. They also want to get around easy and find places to go, so apps that help them do that will give the city a good reputation and spreads a lot of good will.
    5. A smart city to be run smart, costs should be kept to a minimum for not only communications but for electrical and safety. It all adds up. If you are billing each department, from 5g-deployment-plan-front-cover-3k-pixelselectric to water to gas to garbage, then think of each source of revenue. Think of the tourism and the residents because they will be paying the bills.
    6. What about the buildings? Most smart cities don’t care about the buildings unless they are city buildings. Then they want to save costs. If you can make the buildings, say museums, part of the smart city rollout, it would help shine the light on what the features are of the city as well as provide cost savings for operations. Cities may do this because it could use grant money, a key to rolling out smart cities would be a great way to use it.
    7. Don’t forget the parking meters, open spaces for parking, traffic management, red light management, and remote management of almost all city assets. Even smart meters for gas or electric or water play into this.

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  • Coverage would be the city or area that they want to cover. I should be honest; most cities would never spend much money on a public wireless network. In fact, they would put it in, but they would not want to spend the money to maintain something like that. There are exceptions, like New York City where they put Wi-Fi hotspots around the city for the tourists and locals. That is where the public/private partnership comes into play. I’ll discuss more on that below. The coverage for a city may seem obvious, but I’ve built networks where the cities cover not only city limits but the outskirts of town and other places nearby to work partnerships with neighboring communities and municipalities. Don’t just think about city limits, think about partners. In this case, though you may want to read meters, turn lamps on and off, control vehicles throughout the city, monitor traffic lights or even sewer levels.
  • The goal of this coverage needs to be thought deeply about because you need to know what the use case is. Is it for video and security? Is it for the residents to have internet access? Is it for police and fire workers to have internet access? Is it for the workers to have network access? If you are building it for the city, think about how to maintain it as well as coverage. The functionality may be for meters today, or lampposts, but what do you want to add to the system? What could be a potential target for a year?

The Wireless Deployment Handbook  Paperback and

Get the Wireless Deployment Handbook today!The Wireless Deployment Handbook eBook that covers professional carrier end to end deployment of LTE small cells, CRAN, and DAS showing you the proper way to plan for deployment then execute.

  • The budget will be determined by what you use it for. The key to smart cities is to provide services and to save costs.
    1. The coverage will determine the budget. The coverage will not be solid in most cases. Make sure you figure it out what the needs are for the use. The thing is when the smart city planners start looking at the budget they will look beyond the wireless CapEx and into the OpEx. They will take the maintenance and monthly costs of the service into account. They will also look at what the electric bills will be. Who will be looking at the data? You could manage the system in a central location, or the system may need to send the data to different NOCs throughout the city. If you plan to cover multiple types of equipment, like from water levels to gas pressure levels to traffic lights, then you need to make sure each group can grab W4W Cover 4swsome of your data. Several cities are even thinking of garbage levels in waste bins so they can pick it up before it runs over. These are all target goals for coverage and send out data.
    2. Is it a prevailing wage area? Is it union required area? If you think it doesn’t matter, let me tell you a story. I was working in Philly, coverage testing. To do this my partner and I had a bucket truck to test. The rules are the engineer could use a radio and a laptop but no tools. So, before we went into Philly, we put all the tools in the truck box and locked them up. We were down an ally, on a back street, behind some abandoned buildings. Sure enough, a black Lincoln pulls up, and the guy jumps out and starts yelling at us to see our union cards. My partner was ready for this and explained that we’re engineers, not workers. He had the paperwork and our business cards. This guy didn’t care; he started to call everyone, including the city. He got all the answers that we gave him, but that wasn’t good enough, he called the union halls to make sure there was not work being done on that street. Then he watched us for the next 3 hours or so from his car. We went from street to street to test, and he followed us most of the day, making sure we didn’t touch any tools.
    3. Are you providing outdoor coverage only or venues or streets? What about smart buildings? Traffic lights? What apps are you adding? What will be the use, video? Will you control the traffic lights or just monitor the traffic or do both? Will you turn the street lamps on and off? Are you adding free Wi-Fi for tourists and residents?
  • Spectrum for smart cities can vary based on what the goal is.
    1. You may want to be sure that your emergency responders have high-speed internet throughout the city, the thing you need to look at is whether it’s dedicated to them or if they will share a public network. What data will they be passing and what encryption will they be passing. If it is for data only, then it may not be mission critical. The only time it may be an issue of there is an emergency in an area where there are a lot of spectators and reports that are sharing the public Wi-Fi. The same happens to cell sites during an emergency; they get overloaded causing them to go down or drop calls.
    2. Internet access for the citizens and tourist is one of the most obvious uses of Wi-Fi. Maybe LTE-U will start to ramp up but the way I see it, this is a great service. No one looks at Wi-Fi to have great coverage, but rather hotspots. So, this is something that you could strategically place on city-owned poles or kiosks. Always a good idea to make the residents and tourists happy.
    3. Monitor and control traffic lights could take a licensed spectrum, low latency. It should be an IOT play, maybe in the 900MHz spectrum. Make sure you have the timers in there for backup.
    4. Video will need high spectrum, like mmwave. Many cities have used Wi-Fi on a dedicated network. It worked well in the past when properly engineered. I would not just throw up a network, plan, and engineer.
    5. Parking meters and garage space monitoring would be a great IOT play with low-bandwidth. However, chances are you may have Wi-Fi in those areas, or maybe, in a parking garage you could have a video application. You may piggyback on of another system. It should all go back to a NOC to monitor. The deal with parking meters is that they may take a credit card which would need to be approved quickly or a remote need approval. Think through the application and latency before just jumping into an existing system.
    6. If you are going to capture data to do analytics, then think of IOT. What are you going to monitor and control? Traffic lights? Video cameras? All of this is something that you may want to add to your smart city network. There’s a variety of spectrum options. Just like reading meters, like parking meters and monitoring the parking garages. The video would add safety for the city and a way to track criminals pursued throughout the city.

Be smart, be safe, and pay attention!

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Do you know what to put in your SOW, the details needed to get paid for milestones or job completion? 

 

The foundations below do beautiful work, helping families in their time of need. Climbers often get seriously injured or die on the job. The foundations below support those families in their time of greatest need! 

official logo

 

Hubble Foundation helps the families of climbers in time of need!

 

 

tower-family-foundation-e1447069656192

 

Tower Family Foundation supports the families r tower climbers at the time of crisis when a climber falls.

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The 5G Deployment Plan Book Release!

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The 5G Deployment Plan Handbook!

You bombarded me with questions about 5G, like what is it, what’s special about it, and how will it be deployed. You also said you didn’t care about the technical details, just how to implement it and how to build the business plans. You kept asking, so I worked on this for over a year. Many of you want to learn about what’s possible with 5G in the real world.

Since you asked for it I put together a book that covers the 5G deployment of macro sites, small cells, LTE-U and even CRAN and c-RAN. It’s more than deployment but the business case because 5G will enable more people to deploy in the US than just the carriers! Spectrum availability in the USA will go far beyond the carriers. How? Find out! Learn more about 5G in the book, and it’s there waiting for you to learn more about it.

Introducing “The 5G Deployment Plan” to cover the 5G deployments from business case to execution.

Get it the way you want it!

The Amazon Paperback, Full Color 8.5″ by 11″ Version

The Amazon Kindle Version

The Full PDF on Sellfy

The Full PDF on Gumroad

Many books talk about 5G in a very technical manner or talk about what the carriers will do. You are probably wondering what you can do! Learn more in this book which is written for the business owners and deployment teams so that 5G can become a reality. I am sure many of you have read that 5G is the wave of the near future. It’s a new type of network. That’s right, instead of having the typical format associated with wireless systems, like LTE was with 4G, 5G encompasses so much more.

This is a follow-up to the original Wireless Deployment Handbook for LTE Small Cells, CRAN, and DAS!

We need some guidance on the 5G wireless rollout plans. Business plans in this book may help you get started or give you ideas of how to move forward. The ideal situation is that we can use the existing systems, which we can.

There are so many questions around 5G technology, but you all are in deployment and want to know what systems to build. This book will help you align the deployment model with a great business case.

Questions like, “Can I build a private 5G system?” “What would it take to deploy 5G systems?” “What would the business case look like for a 5G system?” “How does 5G tie into IOT?” “Will LTE be part of 5G?”

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The beauty of 5G is that it included so many networks. When LTE came out, we associated that with 4G Even though 4G included HetNets to make up one bigger network. HetNets include Wi-Fi and other formats that can work with LTE. One issue has been that LTE never could create a clean handoff to Wi-Fi.

Voice over Wi-Fi was starting to take off, and it worked great on a dedicated Wi-Fi system, but it still would not hand off to the carrier’s LTE system so well. It goes both ways, VoLTE would not hand off to Wi-Fi as clean as they had hoped.

Here is a document that will help you deploy 5G and understand what is involved as well. Giving a technical explanation and touching on the business needs to ensure you get the big picture.

It has not been easy. I have been studying 5G for the past year and a half. I thought it would make sense to put it all in a book for you to use a reference. I recorded what I could and captured it all on paper to make a reference for your teams to have all in one place covering the deployment from business case creation to delivery. You will have a text that will serve to help you design and build your 5G system.

You will become part of the 5G ecosystem by building your portion of the 5G HetNet. How cool is that?

Here is the table of contents to give you an idea of what’s included.

Contents

Who is this book for?

How to use this Book

Introduction

Why 5G?

What is 4G?

A quick history lesson.

The 4G network.

What is 5G?

Quick history recap

Will 5G replace LTE?

What Applications will 5G have?

What will the 5G be used for?

Why the Need for Speed?

Why the need for 5G Low Latency?

Why Narrow Bandwidth systems in 5G?

5G Network Slicing

5g-deployment-plan-front-cover-3k-pixels4G and 5G Spectrum and Technologies

4G soon to be part of 5G Spectrum

TDD and FDD Formats

The Wireless Network outline.

The Evolved Core.

The RAN

Wireless Deployment Planning Overview

Pre-deployment Planning Overview

Planning and budgeting for deployment.

Start with the end in mind.

Put some thought into whom you are going to serve.

What is the service?

Break it down even more.

Inter-Network Connectivity

RAN Backhaul and Fronthaul Overview

Fiber connections:

When is fiber used/not used?

Microwave Connections:

When is Microwave used/not used?

What is LTE UE backhaul?

Resources:

RAN Site Components

BBU.

Radio.

Antennas and Jumpers.

The Mounting Structure and Hardware.

Battery backup.

Testing at the site for more than the equipment!

The 4G deployment plan

Types of Cell Sites

The BTS Installation.

The Radio Head Installation

Antenna Notes

LTE MIMO Deployment Notes

From 4G to 5G.

The 4G and 5G HetNet

What will 5G networks look like?

System Outline

What is the 5G System Plan?

What is the overall 5G plan?

The 5G System

Standard System

Base Station

Antennas and Radio Heads

5g-deployment-plan-front-cover-3k-pixelsHow does MIMO work?

Deploying 5G Small Cells

Will 5G be a Success?

The 5G HetNet

The Cloud RAN

What is Edge and FOG Computing?

What is SDN and NFV?

What about Wi-Fi?

Cheap and Dirty

Carrier Grade

Who will win in 5G?

The Real 5G Winners Will have VISION!

Resources:

The 5G Business Case Foundation

What is your Business Case for Wireless Coverage?

Medical and Health Care

Utilities

Transportation

Rail or Bus

Highway

County and City Transportation

Air Travel

Unmanned Vehicles

Drones/plane

Automobiles

Boats

Emergency Responders

WISP

Small Carrier

IOT Systems

Enterprise

Business or Building Owner

Building Maintenance

Entertainment, Stadium, Large Venue

Smart City

Construction vehicles and sites

Renewable Energy

5g-deployment-plan-front-cover-3k-pixelsGaming

Other – what will your business plan look like?

IOT

What is NB IOT and how will we use it?

What is NB-IOT?

Resources:

Glossary – Naming Overview (Abbreviations and Acronyms)

A Note from Wade

Other Books by Wade

Extras

More business plan sheets:

Other – Write your business plan.

Scope of Work Outlines Cover Sheet

Scope of Work Details

The end to end deployment will be more efficient as you learn more and do more deployments. You can learn more about LTE, Wi-Fi, and more. Think about the spectrum issues that are coming up, like mmwave, CBRS, and LTE-U. Think about what systems will be out there, indoor and outdoor, macro and small cell, broadband and narrowband. What about the end user’s equipment? It’s not just for smartphones anymore.

Now we have IOT coming out getting ready to connect millions of devices to the system. There isn’t just one system, as the network slicing chapter explains, it’s a collection of networks. What about the dedicated networks? You know, like the virtual reality networks for entertainment venues. You learn what is possible and what you can do. Just like your Wi-Fi system, the new 5G network will allow you to build smaller and affordable 5G wireless system that you control and manage. It’s not always easy, but you have the control, and the spectrum is becoming available to more than just the carriers. It’s a new age of communications.

As 5G progresses, we can open new wireless venues that we can control. The new devices will be adding more and more receivers for new spectrum. It’s all very exciting! You are one of the lucky ones to be involved in the future of communications which wireless frees all of us and opens new possibilities across all industries. Awesome!

Where to get it!

The Amazon Paperback, Full Color 8.5″ by 11″ Version

The Amazon Kindle Version

The Full PDF on Sellfy

The Full PDF on Gumroad

Thank you for your support! I truly appreciate it. 

Don’t forget the original Wireless Deployment Handbook for LTE Small Cells, CRAN, and DAS!

Be smart, be safe, and pay attention! We need to smart and safe out there.